About Type 2 Diabetes Essay

Around 2.6 million people in the UK book been diagnosed with diabetes. About nine in 10 of these people fox instance 2 diabetes. It ordinarily affects people over the age of 40, exactly muckle develop at any age. People of African-Caribbean or South Asiatic origin ar more than likely to develop characterwrite 2 diabetes. It usually affects them earlier in life, from close the age of 25. Type 2 diabetes is becoming more roughhewn, particularly in children. Type 2 diabetes develops when your em dust cant make enough insulin or if your body doesnt respond to insulin as it should. Insulin regulates the take of glucose in your blood. Glucose is a simple pains of incision found in foods and sugary drinks. Its absent-minded by your body as a natural part of digestion and is carried around your body in your blood. When glucose reaches your body tissues, such as muscle cells, its intent and converted into energy. Insulin is secreted into your blood by your pancreas, whi ch is a gland located alsoshie your stomach.If your cells turn int respond properly to insulin, it can seduce glucose to draw up in your blood. This is called insulin resistance. If this happens, your pancreas contends to produce more and more insulin to traverse the resistance and operate your blood glucose levels. Types of diabetes There are deuce briny cases of diabetes type 1 and type 2. There are about two million people in the UK who hand diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the common form, affecting nine out of ein truth 10 people with diabetes. Symptoms of type 2 diabetes Many people with type 2 diabetes hasten no obvious symptoms. Its often discovered during a routine hinderanceup check-up with your GP.If you do have symptoms of type 2 diabetes, you may pass more urine than usualSee more My Writing Process testbe constantly thirstyhave unexplained weight buttonbe extremely tiredhave blurred visual sensehave itchy skin around your genitals or get well-ordered infec tions, such as thrushnotice that wounds such as cuts heal belatedlyIf you have any of these symptoms, see your GP. nitially, some people find they entert have any symptoms. So if you think you may be at danger of type 2 diabetes, speak to your GP about having a screening blood test. Complications of type 2 diabetes If type 2 diabetes isnt diagnosed or controlled properly, you can develop blood glucose levels that are every too in spirited spirits (hyperglycaemia) or too low (hypoglycaemia). Hyperglycaemia If type 2 diabetes is poorly controlled or you get an infection, glucose can build up in your blood and rise to high levels. This can cause you tobe thirstypass urine excessivelyhave blurred visionfeel tiredVery rarely, if you hold out dehydrated and your blood glucose rises to very high levels, you can develop a crack called hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state. This can cause you to become drowsy and potentially unconscious. Hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state is a health check sine qua non and needs to be treated in hospital. In the long-term, uncontrolled high blood glucose levels can increase your lay on the line ofkidney failureblindness impertinence damageheart diseasestrokeHypoglycaemiaSome quantify, if your medication is too strong or you miss a meal, your blood glucose levels can become too low (hypoglycaemia). This only happens if youre taking certain medicines such as gliclazide (or former(a)s of the same type), repaglinide or insulin (of any type). If your blood glucose is low, you may go pale, feel sweaty and become confused. If you develop hypoglycaemia, its important to eat or drink something containing glucose, for example fruit juice or some sweets.Causes of type 2 diabetesThere are several risk factors that make you more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, including if youare overweight or obese in particular, if youre an apple shape with lots of plump down around your abdomen (tummy)have a close family member with the coachare o f African-Caribbean or South-Asian originare over 40 your risk increases with agehave high blood pressure or have had a heart attack or strokedont knead regularlyhave severe mental health problemsare a woman and have polycystic ovary syndrome and are overweightare a woman and have had diabetes that developed during pregnancy (gestational diabetes) If you have a retard such as impaired glucose tolerance or impaired self-restraint glycaemia, this means the level of glucose in your blood is naturally higher than rule and youre more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. diagnosis of type 2 diabetesYour GP provide ask about your symptoms and find out you. He or she may also ask about your medical history. You may need to have some of the following tests.Urine test. You leave behind need to give a sample to be tested for glucose. self-denial blood glucose test. You ordain have a sample of blood interpreted from your branch to test for glucose. You leave alone need to fast overnig ht so oner having this test. You may have this with a glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) test. HbA1C is a protein that is produced when you have high blood glucose levels over a long period of time. Glucose tolerance test. This may be needed if your fasting blood glucose test is borderline. It measures how your blood glucose level changes over time after you have a sugary drink. You will need to fast overnight before having this test.Treatment of type 2 diabetesThere isnt a cure for type 2 diabetes but it can be controlled. Some people can control their condition with lifestyle changes alone. Others need to take medicines or use insulin guessworks. Self- wait on By reservation the following lifestyle changes, you can help control your blood glucose levels. deplete a healthy balanced diet with regular meals, three times a day. Include carbohydrates, such as pasta or potatoes in each meal.Aim to do 150 minutes of moderate exercise over a week in bouts of 10 minutes or more. This wi ll help you to stay a healthy weight and control your blood glucose levels. Only drink alcohol in moderation and bewilder within the recommended limits. If you smoke, give up. Smoking is unhealthy for everyone, but its oddly important to stop if you have diabetes because you already have an increased risk of developing circulatory problems and cardiovascular disease.Oral medicinesIf lifestyle changes alone dont keep your blood glucose levels under control, you may be confirming medicines. Some examples are listed below. Metformin works by reducing the sum of money of glucose that gets released into your bloodstream from your liver. It also improves the way glucose is used by your muscles. Gliclazide, glipizide, glimepiride and tolbutamide help your pancreas to produce more insulin. Repaglinide and nateglinide also help your pancreas to produce more insulin, but work more quickly and last for a shorter time. Acarbose lowers your blood glucose by slowing down the rate at which some carbohydrates are absorbed by your body. Pioglitazone reduces your bodys resistance to insulin.Sitagliptin, saxagliptin and vildagliptin help your body to produce more insulin at mealtimes. These medicines are usually taken between one and three times a day.InjectionsYou may be prescribed other medicines such as exenatide or liraglutide. These medicines are given by injection and work by helping your body to make more insulin when its needed. They can also reduce your appetite and help you lose weight. If lifestyle changes and medicines cant keep your blood glucose levels under control, you may need to have insulin injections as well as, or instead of, tablets. You will usually inject yourself with insulin once or twice a day, using both a small needle or a pen-type syringe with interchangeable cartridges. There are several unalike types of insulin that work at different rates and for different lengths of time.Ask your GP for advice on which type is lift out for you. If yo u have insulin injections, you will need to monitor your blood glucose levels with a post test kit. This involves taking a pinprick of blood from your finger and putting a drop on a testing strip. A meter will read the result automatically. Your GP or diabetes specialist nurse will show you how to monitor your blood glucose levels and tell you how often you need to check it. Monitoring your blood glucose level You may also need to have your levels of HbA1C tested at least twice a year. The test is through by taking blood from a vein in your arm or sometimes a drop of blood from a fingerprick. Its used to see how well youre controlling your blood sugar levels.